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Bernard Brake, 30, Porter

Occupation or role: Porter
Age: 30
Gender: Male
Date of admission: 20 Aug 1864
Date of death: 20 Aug 186
Disease (transcribed): Hernia. Haemorrhage from a mesenteric vessel
Disease (standardised): Hernia ; Haemorrhage
Admitted under the care of: Brodhurst, Bernard
Medical examination performed by: Bagshawe, Frederic
Post mortem examination performed by: Leigh, William
Medical notes: 'This man had had hernia for about 10 years, & had always worn a truss. This morning he got up for a few minutes without putting his truss on & the intestine came down. He went to bed thinking it would go back as it had often done before, but it did not’
Body parts examined in the post mortem: Chest, abdomen

Type of incident: n/a

St George's Hospital subscription receipt: Andrew Millar

'Recd the 2 day of May 1761 of Mr Andrew Millar the sum of Two Guineas (£s 2,2) being One Year’s Subscription for the relief of the Lame Sick & needy in St George’s Hospital near Hyde-park Corner ending at Lady Day 1762 by Rich[ar]d Aspinwall Jos[eph] Hudson Treasurers’

The illustrated receipt contains printed inscription ‘It is more blessed to give than to receive’

Statement from the Weekly Board of St George’s Hospital regarding the attendance of physicians’ pupils at operations, 2 May 1787 and 12 Oct 1791

Weekly Board 12 Oct 1791, called to consider objections made ‘to the attendance of physicians pupils at operations’, signed by James Robertson, Matthew Baillie, George Pearson, John Burges and Stephen Aisley

Weekly Board 2 May 1787, called to consider suspension of by-law prohibiting physicians and surgeons from recommending assistants or deputies, signed by Robert Hallifax, William Bromfeild, John Jackson, Thomas Robinson and John Tetlow. A manuscript annotated signed ‘C.H.’ [Charles Hawkins] notes that Thomas Keate and Everard Home were elected assistant surgeons.

Letter from John Hunter, 26 Apr 1792

Copy of a letter by John Hunter, asking the recipient to vote for Hunter’s brother-in-law Home as a surgeon. Manuscript notes in pencil note biographical details of Charles Hawkins and the number of votes of Mr Keate (134) and Mr Home (102)

Letter from John Hunter to the governors of St George’s Hospital, 28 Feb 1793

Printed letter addressed to the governors of St George’s Hospital, signed by John Hunter at Leicester-square 28 Feb 1793.

Hunter writes that when he was appointed surgeon at the hospital, he wished to extend his knowledge, to be ‘more useful to mankind’, and to improve his pupils’ knowledge; he notes that prior to his arrival, the senior surgeons at the time, Mr Hawkins [Caesar Hawkins] and Bromfield [William Bromfeild] had received their education ‘prior to the period of improvement in this country’; he notes that other hospitals were beginning ‘to participate [in] the improving spirit of the times’ and to give lectures not only in surgery, but also ‘in every branch of the healing art’; he states that he ‘paid more attention to the pupils than had been usual’, which made him a popular instructor; he had a meeting with other surgeons on how to address the pupils’ complaints of leaving for other hospitals and that the number of pupils at St George’s was diminishing; he allowed St George’s pupils to attend his lectures on surgery ‘for some time after, gratis’, as the other surgeons were not giving lectures; he describes conflicts and discussions with the other surgeons; he says he began to treat his pupils as the other surgeons did, with the consequence that there were fewer pupils; when his business grew and his health grew weaker, he was given as assistant his brother-in-law, Mr Home [Everard Home], who he supported when a vacancy for surgeoncy at the hospital came up; he says that looking into the laws of the hospital he found that ‘the division of the money, paid by the pupils, was arbitrary’ which did not encourage some of the surgeons to do their share of the work; he wrote a letter to his colleagues on 9 Jul 1792 regarding settling the accounts on pupils’ pay, with a response declaring their ‘entire disapprobation of [Hunter’s] proposal’; he states that the number of pupils who had since 1770 studied under Mr Gunning [John Gunning] was 103, and the number of his own pupils was 449, and the number with the other three surgeons altogether 284; he argues that the laws have not been adhered to, with regard to pupil numbers and their fees, and that a larger number of pupils ‘increases the reputation of an hospital’; he argues the dispute is a matter of ‘general interest’ and that he stands for ‘the good of mankind, the improvement of the healing art, and the character of the Hospital’

Two copy letters from James Williams to Mary Williams regarding Hunter’s death

Two letters from James Williams to his sister Mary in Worcester.

In the first letter, James Williams describes his daily work assisting John Hunter with preparations, and his attendance of Matthew Baillie’s lectures on anatomy and Everard Home’s lectures on surgery and physiology. He describes living with Hunter [at 13 Castle Square, backing onto Hunter’s Leicester Square residence], where his room is right below the ‘dissecting room with half a dozen dead bodies in it’, and how ‘there is a dead carcass just at this moment rumbling up the stairs and the Resurrection Men swearing most terribly’. He describes Hunter as a ‘very good kind of man when you have been used to him tho he has some oddities’. He states that the fee to attend dissections is five guineas, ‘besides buying bodies’, generally shared by two students and costing ‘about a guinea’. He asks for Mary’s watch as he does not have one himself, and it is as safe in London as it is in Worcester, promises to pay George back and asks for his books to be forwarded to him.

The second letter appears to have been written on the day of Hunter’s death. Williams states that Hunter had had ‘for these several years a very irregular spasmodic affection at his heart’. Williams describes having had breakfast with Hunter in the morning, after which Hunter left to see his patients and then to St George’s Hospital, where ‘the surgeons of this charity have been at variance with him … respecting some of the pupils’. Following ‘several words with the surgeons which brought on his complaint’, he died at the hospital. Williams says that Mrs Hunter [Anne Hunter] and their children were out of town. He says that ‘the other two pupils’ are leaving London for a while, and with no lectures he also plans ‘an excursion somewhere or other’.

These letters are transcripts and photocopies by George Edwards in 1968 from letters held by a descendant of James and Mary Williams (Edwards, George. 1968. John Hunter’s last pupil. Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 42 (1):68-70).

‘A few hints suggested by Mr Keate for the consideration of Messrs Gunning & Walker’, 27 May 1793

Keate states that surgeons are expected to visit their patients at least twice a week as well as spend time afterwards ‘for conversation & explanation to the Pupils’; that the ‘old custom of committing on a certain day of the week to be revived’, with operations to be performed on a certain day; an anatomy lecturer should be found for the hospital; ‘he should be required to examine Morbid Bodies, & report the appearance on dissection’ in a book for the use of the physicians, surgeons and pupils; the pupils’ fees would not be of ‘sufficient indemnification’, but they should be paid £200, excluding pupils’ fees; the surgeons should give one lecture each week on patient cases in the summer, and in the winter on ‘the Dead Subject’; lectures on the principles and practice of surgery ‘would be useful’ but the surgeons ‘may not be prepared for such a course’; lectures on chemistry, practice of physic or materia medica and midwifery can be given by ‘persons attached to the interest of the Hospital & connected with the medical men belonging to it’

'Reply of Mr John Gunning, William Walker, Thomas Keate to John Hunter’s address to the Governors of the hospital’, 27 May 1793

Two draft statements, including an undated draft , regarding the dispute between Hunter and the hospital on pupils’ fees. The statement addresses in detail each of the charges made by Hunter, and responds to them over 23 pages. Written in one main hand, with sections crossed out and annotations in another hand.

Draft 12-page statement titled 'To the Committee (at St George’s Hospital) appointed to examine the Laws relative to the Surgeons Pupils, and to consider of the best methods of imptoving their Education. We the undersign’d be leave to make the following Statement’, signed by Gunning, Walker and Keate and dated 27 May 1793. In two hands, with annotations in pencil in a third hand.

Note signed ‘C.H.’ [Charles Hawkins] describing the statement as ‘Reply of Mr John Gunning, William Walker, Thomas Keate, surgeons to St George’s Hospital, to John Hunter’s address to the Governors of the hospital dated February 28, 1793. The corrections are in the hand & writing of Mr Thomas Keate, only just elected surgeon = 11. May 1792. Hunter had been elected on 9. Dec 1768’. Annotated in pencil in another hand ‘Handwriting of Wm Walker’

George Fone, 8 months, [No occupation stated]

Occupation or role: [No occupation stated]
Age: 8 months
Gender: Male
Date of admission: 20 Oct 1880
Date of death: 25 Oct 1800
Disease (transcribed): Impaction of a foreign body in the oesophagus. Laryngotomy. Pneumonia
Disease (standardised): Foreign body (Oesophagus); Laryngotomy (Larynx); Pneumonia (Lung)
Admitted under the care of: Pick, Thomas Pickering
Medical examination performed by: Turner, George Robertson
Post mortem examination performed by: Owen, Herbert Isambard
Medical notes: Eight hours previous to admission whilst eating apples and beans, the child suddenly became black in the face and had urgent dyspnoea.
Body parts examined in the post mortem: Air passages, oesophagus, lungs, heart, liver, spleen and kidneys
Illustrations: Yes
Type of incident: n/a

St George’s Hospital subscription receipt: Mr Harpton

'Received the 22 day of Jan[uar]y 1805 from Mr Harpton the Sum of Two Guineas being one years subscription towards the Relief of The Sick, Lame, & Needy in St George’s Hospital near Hyde-Park Corner to Xmas 1805 for J. Burton Esz, J. Gisley[?] Treasurers’

The illustrated receipt contains several Biblical quotations and a printed notice from the Weekly Board in 1799. The bottom of the receipt is inscribed ‘Wm Thompson Collector’

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