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Research in the Institute focuses on chronic diseases and on the prevention of disease through primary care (general practice) and through changes to personal lifestyle or to the environment. Expanding areas of work include studies of eye conditions and congenital abnormalities and the evaluation of health care, particularly in relation to mental health.

Research carried out by the Institute in 2014 on the effects of parental smoking on the respiratory health of children resulted in a Westminster Bill to ban smoking in cars when children are present. The law was changed a year later.

Opened in Grove Road, Balham in 1911, funded by the will of Benjamin Weir (d.1902). During the First World War, the hospital was taken over by the Kensington Division of the British Red Cross Society, and became the Kensington Red Cross War Hospital, part of the Third London (T.F.) General Hospital, and received patients not only from the military hospital but also directly from the battlefields abroad. It closed as a military hospital in 1919, and re-opened as a general hospital in 1920.

A new maternity hospital, the Wandsworth War Memorial Maternity Home, was built on an adjacent site by the Wandsworth Borough Council in 1931, administered by the Weir Hospital until 1934. The hospital joined the NHS in 1948, and it was combined with the Wandsworth War Memorial Maternity Home. The hospital closed as a general hospital in 1950, and the two hospitals, now known as the Weir Maternity Hospital, re-opened later that year. A premature baby unit was opened in 1951 and a new maternity unit built in the 1960s. The hospital closed in 1977 when maternity units were re-located to district general hospitals.

Founded by the Wandsworth Board of Guardians as a poor hospital, and officially opened in 1910.

During the First World War, the hospital became an auxiliary military hospital to the First London (T.F.) General Hospital. It changed its name in 1920 to St James' Hospital, and was taken over by the LCC in 1930. It expanded in the 1930s, including new X-ray and physiotherapy departments and extensions to the Nurses' Home and Nurses Training School.

The hospital joined the NHS in 1948 under the control of the Wandsworth Group Hospital Management Committee, part of the South West Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board. During building works in the 1950s, some patients were transferred to the Grove Hospital and St Benedict's Hospital. In 1974, the hospital came under the control of the Wandsworth and East Merton District Health Authority, part of the South West Thames Regional Health Authority. It amalgamated with St George's Hospital in 1980, and closed in 1988 when the new St James Wing opened at Tooting.

Opened in 1880 as the Bolingbroke Self-Supporting Hospital and House in Sickness with 30 beds and an Accident and Emergency department, catering for working classes and middle classes as a voluntary hospital, with care provided for a fee.

The hospital was rebuilt, with the first phase completed in 1901. During the First World War the hospital received military casualties from the Third London Hospital. A new wing was opened in 1927. During the Second World War, the hospital joined the Emergency Medical Service, affiliated with St Thomas' Hospital. It was damaged by bombs in 1941 and 1944.

The hospital joined the NHS in 1948, under the control of the Battersea and Putney Group Hospital Management Committee, part of the South West Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board. New X-ray department was opened in 1957, and a new Coronary Care Unit in 1967. In 1974, the hospital came under the control of the Merton, Sutton and Wandsworth Area Health Authority, part of the South West Thames Regional Health Authority. The Accident and Emergency department was closed in 1974.

In the 1980s, the hospital began to focus on services for older people. In 1993, the hospital became part of the newly formed St George's Healthcare NHS Trust. In-patients were transferred from the hospital in 2005 due to fire safety concerns, and the hospital became a community hospital with out-patient clinics and healthcare services. The hospital closed in 2007, and the clinical services were transferred to St John's Therapy Centre.

Established as a private medical school in 1834, the Dean Street School of Medicine was one of the schools pupils at St George’s Hospital were expected to attend for further lectures. The others, prior to the establishment of the Kinnerton Street School of Medicine, which eventually became St George’s Hospital Medical School, included the Great Windmill Street School of Medicine, the School of Medicine and Anatomy adjoining St George’s Hospital or Lane’s School of Medicine, and Joshua Brooke’s school of anatomy on Great Marlborough Street. Although teaching at the school was stopped in 1847, the school reopened in 1849. The teaching of pre-clinical subjects ended at Westminster in 1905 and was moved to King’s College. A new medical school opened in 1938, and moved again in 1966 to Page Street, Westminster. It merged with Charing Cross Hospital Medical School in 1984 and became known as the Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, moving in 1993 with the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital to Fulham Road, and becoming part of the Imperial College School of Medicine on its formation in 1997.

Founded by Eleanor Davies-Colley (1874-1934) and Maud Chadburn (1868-1957), surgeons at the New Hospital for Women, in 1912 as a general hospital for women and providing training for women. The hospital was officially opened in 1916.

Only women and children were admitted, and the whole staff, with the exception of the engineer and the gardener, were women. A new building nearby was purchased and opened in 1924, an out-patients department on the same site added in 1927, a new wing opened in 1929 and a new X-ray department opened in 1932. The Second World War postponed further expansion. The hospital joined the Emergency Medical Service, and admitted war casualties, including male patients. Nurses' Home was opened in 1945. A country annex near Crawley, was opened in 1948, and closed in 1970.

In 1948, the hospital joined the NHS under the Lambeth Group Hospital Management Committee, part of the South West Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board. In 1964 it came under the South West London Group Hospital Management Committee, and in 1974 it became part of the Wandsworth and East Merton (Teaching) District Health Authority, part of the South West Thames Regional Health Authority. In 1982, it came under the Wandsworth District Health Authority, which closed it in 1984.

Established by a former student of St George’s, Samuel Armstrong Lane after being rejected from the post of assistant surgeon at St George’s Hospital in 1834. The school was housed at the back of Lane’s house on 1 Grosvenor Place, near St George’s Hospital on Hyde Park Corner, and soon became known as the School of Anatomy and Medicine adjoining St George’s Hospital. The school was in competition with the Kinnerton Street School, formally established in 1836, which became the official medical school for St George’s; pupils at the hospital could attend either of these schools, as well as a number of other anatomical schools. Lane became senior surgeon to St Mary’s Hospital soon after its establishment in 1852, and Lane transferred his pathological and anatomical collections to the new school at St Mary’s Hospital. Lane’s school closed down in 1863.

'The Cottage' is the popular name for the resident house physicians and surgeons at St George's Hospital.

At Hyde Park Corner, the residence was located on the fifth and sixth floors at No 1 Knightsbridge. The house physicians and surgeons were unpaid, but received free board and lodging; they were on emergency duty for one 3-day and one 4-day period every four weeks.

St George’s Pathology Museum was established in 1843, when Sir Benjamin Brodie presented his pathological specimen collection to St George’s in 1843, and during the 1840s Robert Keate, Caesar Hawkins and Robert Lee added further specimens in the collections.

Prescott Hewett was appointed the first curator, and he also introduced the practice of keeping post mortem books. The curator of the museum was also responsible for conducting post mortem examinations together with the assistant curator, and the post mortem casebooks frequently refer to pathological specimens preserved in the museum. Specimens were regularly obtained from post mortem examinations or during surgery at the hospital, and the museum has continued to be an integral part of teaching at St George's.