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St George's Hospital, London

  • GB/NNAF/C179806 (Former ISAAR ref: GB/NNAF/O108191 )
  • Corporate body
  • 1733-

St George's Hospital opened in 1733 at Lanesborough House, Hyde Park Corner in London, in what was then a countryside location. The hospital owes its existence to four men, Henry Hoare, William Wogan, Robert Witham and the Reverend Patrick Cockburn, who collectively founded the Westminster Public Infirmary in Petty France in 1720. The ever increasing needs of the sick forced the Westminster Public Infirmary to seek improved and enlarged premises. A disagreement between members of both the Governors and medical staff on the choice of building led to the founding of both Westminster Hospital in Castle Lane and Saint George's Hospital on Hyde Park Corner.

In 1735, Saint George's Hospital purchased the freehold of Lanesborough House, two adjoining houses and two acres of land. Under the direction of Isaac Ware of the Board of Works, the hospital was enlarged to accommodate 200 patients. By 1825 the hospital was falling into disrepair. A competition was held for the design of a new hospital. It was won by William Wilkins, and the new building was opened at Hyde Park Corner in 1829. Since its foundation, Saint George's Hospital has been training medical students. In 1834, a medical school was established in Kinnerton Street and it was incorporated into the main hospital building in 1868.

Just before the beginning of the Second World War, it was decided that Saint George's needed to be rebuilt on its Hyde Park Corner site. The plan was however abandoned by the commencement of hostilities. During the War, against a background of the population shift from central London, discussions took place which paved the way for Saint George's to be rebuilt and transferred out of the city centre. With the introduction of the National Health Service in 1948, the hospital became part of the Saint George's Hospital Teaching Group of the South West Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board. Soon after, the Board of Governors persuaded Aneurin Bevan, the Minister of Health, that the new hospital should be built on the Grove Fever Hospital and Fountain Hospital sites in Tooting. Patients began to be admitted into the Grove Hospital in 1951 and, by 1953, the Grove Hospital was designated to Saint George's and responsibility for it was transferred from the Wandsworth Hospital Group to the Board of Governors of Saint George's. The Fountain Children's Hospital site adjacent to the Grove Hospital was added to the land available for the Saint George's Hospital redevelopment when the Fountain transferred to Queen Mary's Hospital, Carshalton.

The building of the new Saint George's at Tooting, South West London, began in 1973. Following the reorganisation of the National Health Service in 1974, the Board of Governors was disbanded, and the responsibility for Saint George's Hospital was passed to the Wandsworth and Merton District of the Merton, Sutton and Wandsworth Area Health Authority. South West Thames Regional Health Authority assumed responsibility for the rebuilding of the new Saint George's. The first phase of the new Saint George's Hospital Medical School opened in 1976. The hospital at Hyde Park closed its doors for the final time in 1980 and HM Queen Elizabeth II formally opened the new St George's Hospital and Medical School at Tooting on 6 November 1980. Lanesborough Wing, the first of the ward blocks opened in 1980. In 1993, Saint George's Hospital came under the control of Saint George's Healthcare NHS Trust.

The hospital has been administered by the following:

1733 - 1948: Saint George's Hospital
1948 - 1974: Saint George's Hospital Teaching Group of South West Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board
1974 - 1982: Merton, Sutton and Wandsworth Area Health Authority of South West Thames Regional Hospital Board
1982 - 1993: Wandsworth District Health Authority of South West Thames Regional Hospital Board
1993 - : Saint George's Healthcare NHS Trust

Atkinson Morley Hospital

  • GB/NNAF/C230090
  • Corporate body
  • 1869-2003

The hospital was originally built as a convalescent home for recovering patients from St George's Hospital (then at Hyde Park Corner), but became a brain surgery centre and was involved in the development of the CT scanner.

Atkinson Morley, a former medical student at St George's and a wealthy landowner and hotelier, left £100,000 in his will to St George's 'for receiving, maintaining and generally assisting convalescent poor patients', and the hospital opened in July 1869. It received patients from St George's initially on horse-drawn carriages, and from 1888 on an 'omnibus' accommodating 14 people.

It remained a convalescent home until 1939, and during the First World War it accommodated servicemen. The hospital was struggling financially, and gradually it began to admit more acute cases as well as tuberculosis patients. During the Second World War it became Atkinson Morley Emergency Hospital.

After the war, the hospital became an internationally recognised neuroscience centre, established by neurosurgeon Wylie McKissock. The Department of Psychiatry and an X-ray department specialising in neuroradiology were established in 1949; a Sleep Laboratory was established in 1972. The Wolfson Neurorehabilitation Centre was opened in 1967 to provide rehabilitation and outpatient services for the hospital. The hospital successfully introduced CT (computed tomography) scanning into medical practice in 1971 following a prototype scanner built by electronic engineer Godfrey Hounsfield, who was subsequently awarded the Nobel Prize for his invention in 1979.

The building closed in 2003, and neuroscience services were located to the Atkinson Morley Wing at St George's Hospital, Tooting; the Wolfson Neurorehabilitation Centre remained in Wimbledon.

St George's Hospital Medical School, London

  • GB/NNAF/C43282 (Former ISAAR ref: GB/NNAF/O27447 )
  • Corporate body
  • 1752-

St George's, University of London (legal name St George's Hospital Medical School, informally St George's or SGUL), is a medical school located in Tooting in South West London. The Medical School shares a closely related history with St George's Hospital, which opened in 1733 at Lanesborough House, Hyde Park Corner in Central London. St George's was the second institution in England to provide formal training courses for doctors (after the University of Oxford). The Medical School became a constituent college of the University of London soon after the latter's establishment in 1836.

From the very beginning, the physicians and surgeons were permitted by the laws of the Hospital to have a limited number of pupils. A formal register of pupils was maintained from 1752. The earliest recorded course of lectures at the hospital was that delivered by Sir Everard Home some time before 1803. Prior to this, there were no lectures and little regular teaching at all in the Hospital other than what the students could pick up from the physicians and surgeons on their way round the wards. Attempts to remedy this situation were a cause of friction between renowned surgeon John Hunter and his colleagues. In 1793 they drew up a number of suggestions and regulations relating to the instruction and discipline of the pupils of the hospital.

From the beginning of the nineteenth century medical training became more structured, and pupils at St George's were required to learn anatomy at various private anatomy schools, such as the Great Windmill Street School of Medicine established by William Hunter, the brother of John Hunter; the Grosvenor Place School of Anatomy and Medicine established by the former St George's pupil Samuel Lane, the Dean Street School of Medicine run by Joseph Carpue or Joshua Brookes' school of anatomy. Chemistry was taught at the Royal Institution in Albermarle Street in addition to the clinical subjects which were dealt with at St George's Hospital.

Samuel Lane's anatomy school was also known as 'The School of Anatomy and Medicine adjoining St George's Hospital'. Due to disagreement between Lane and other medical officers at St George's, it was seen as essential to have a school of anatomy more closely connected to St George's and controlled by staff there. This led to surgeon Benjamin Brodie purchasing a house on Kinnerton Street, which he then leased back to St George's for use as an anatomy theatre, a lecture room and a museum. As a result of this, for 20 years there were now two rival schools associated with St George's. Attempts were made to amalgamate the two schools, but none succeeded. Finally the Kinnerton School moved to buildings attached to the hospital in 1868 and became the sole 'Medical School of St George's Hospital'. Lane's school closed down in 1863.

Although pupils were trained at the Hospital from its foundation, the medical school was not formally established until 1834 when it opened at the premises on Kinnerton Street. The formal opening ceremony for the school was held in 1835 in the Anatomy Theatre on the premises, and saw the dissection of an ancient Egyptian mummy.

In 1868 the medical school at Kinnerton Street was moved to the buildings at the south-west corner of the hospital site in Hyde Park itself, with the main entrance in Knightsbridge and the back entrance on Grosvenor Crescent Mews. Until 1946 the Medical School, although recognised as a School of London University, was controlled by a Medical School Committee, made up of honorary staff of the Hospital. In 1945 the Medical School Committee was divided into a School Council and an Academic Board.

In 1915, in response to wartime staff shortages, St George's admitted its first four female medical students. Just before the outbreak of World War Two, it was decided that St George's needed to be rebuilt on its Hyde Park Corner site. The plan was however abandoned by the commencement of the war. During the War, against a background of the population shift from central London, discussions took place which paved the way for Saint George's to be rebuilt and transferred out of the city centre. With the introduction of the National Health Service in 1948, the hospital became part of the Saint George's Hospital Teaching Group of the South West Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board. Soon after, the Board of Governors persuaded Aneurin Bevan, the Minister of Health, that the new Hospital should be built on the Grove Fever Hospital and Fountain Hospital sites in Tooting.

The building of the new Saint George's at Tooting, South West London, began in 1973. The first phase of the new Saint George's Hospital Medical School opened in 1976. The Hospital at Hyde Park closed its doors for the final time in 1980 and HM Queen Elizabeth II formally opened the new St George's Hospital and Medical School at Tooting on 6 November 1980.

Royal Army Clothing Depot

  • Corporate body
  • 1850s-1932

Subscriber to St George's Hospital in 1871. Subscriber to St George's Hospital in 1871, they donated 6 pounds. Factory and warehouse providing uniform and other items for the British Army. it was located in Pimlico, London.

Fountain Hospital

  • Corporate body
  • 1893-1964

Opened in 1893 by the Metropolitan Asylums Board (MAB) during an epidemic of scarlet fever. Initially conceived of as an annex to the adjacent Grove Fever Hospital, opened in 1899.

The hospital was removed in 1911 by MAB from its isolation hospitals service. It was reopened in 1912 as a mental hospital for 'unimprovable imbeciles' and renamed the Fountain Mental Hospital. A school was established in 1917 for the children in the hospital.

The hospital was hit by a bomb in 1944 during the Second World War and many parts of it destroyed.

In 1948 the hospital joined the NHS and became the Fountain Hospital, under the control of the Fountain Group Hospital Management Committee. A new X-ray department was established in 1950, but the old buildings, intended to be temporary, were not replaced by more permanent buildings as the site was decided to use to move St George's Hospital to from Hyde Park Corner. The Fountain Hospital was in the 1950s severely overcrowded and the temporary huts were dilapidated. The hospital merged with Queen Mary's Hospital in 1959, becoming the Fountain and Carshalton Group; patients and services were transferred to Queen Mary's Hospital, which was underused and under the threat of closure.

The Mental Health Act 1959 improved the position of the patients, and Queen Mary's Hospital became a comprehensive children's hospital for mental and physical disorders and diseases.

The Fountain Hospital closed in 1963; many of the patients were transferred to St Ebba's Hospital in Epsom and to Queen Mary's Hospital. The buildings were demolished and the site is now occupied by St George's Hospital and St George's, University of London.

Weir Maternity Hospital

  • Corporate body
  • 1911-1977

Opened in Grove Road, Balham in 1911, funded by the will of Benjamin Weir (d.1902). During the First World War, the hospital was taken over by the Kensington Division of the British Red Cross Society, and became the Kensington Red Cross War Hospital, part of the Third London (T.F.) General Hospital, and received patients not only from the military hospital but also directly from the battlefields abroad. It closed as a military hospital in 1919, and re-opened as a general hospital in 1920.

A new maternity hospital, the Wandsworth War Memorial Maternity Home, was built on an adjacent site by the Wandsworth Borough Council in 1931, administered by the Weir Hospital until 1934. The hospital joined the NHS in 1948, and it was combined with the Wandsworth War Memorial Maternity Home. The hospital closed as a general hospital in 1950, and the two hospitals, now known as the Weir Maternity Hospital, re-opened later that year. A premature baby unit was opened in 1951 and a new maternity unit built in the 1960s. The hospital closed in 1977 when maternity units were re-located to district general hospitals.

Brentford Union

  • Corporate body
  • 1836-1930

Subscriber to St George's Hospital in 1848. Workhouse, formally known as the Brentford Poor Law Union opened in 1837 in Twickenham Road, Isleworth. It housed around 400 paupers.

Messrs Collard and Collard

  • Corporate body

Subscriber to St George's Hospital in 1869. A piano manufacturer. The firm also had a contract for the supply of bugles, fifes and drums to the regiments of the East India Company until 1858, when the government of India was transferred to the British monarchy.

Hand-in-Hand Insurance

  • Corporate body

Subscriber to St George's Hospital in 1870. One of the oldest insurance companies in the UK, founded after the Great Fire of London.

Naval and Military Club

  • Corporate body
  • 1862-present

Subscriber to St George's Hospital in 1863. Private members club

Payne, Randolph, & Sons

  • Corporate body

Subscriber to St George's Hospital in 1891. Wine merchant

St. James

  • Corporate body
  • 1857-1978

Subscriber to St George's Hospital in 1873. London gentlemen's club

Worshipful Company of Fishmongers

  • Corporate body

Subscriber to St George's Hospital in 1880. Livery company in the City of London and an incorporated guild for sellers of fish and seafood in the city.

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